Innovación y Cooperación en la Empresa Familiar: Una Revisión de la Literatura

In this paper, after some clarifications about the definition and characteristics of Family Business (FB), a literature review on innovation and cooperation in FB has been conducted. As a consequence, a research gap regarding how FB develops innovation when cooperating with external factors has been identified. In particular, specific characteristics of FB have been analysed regarding innovation and cooperation, such as longer-term vision, risk aversion, and relatively lack of professionalism of FB workers.En este artículo, después de exponer algunas aclaraciones sobre la definición y las características de las Empresas Familiares (FB), se realiza una revisión de literatura sobre innovación y cooperación en las FBs. Como consecuencia de esta revisión, se ha detectado un gap de investigación sobre cómo las FBs desarrollan la innovación cuando se realiza en cooperación con factores externos. Se han analizado, de forma específica, algunas características de FBs con respecto a la innovación y la cooperación, en concreto, la visión más a largo plazo, la aversión al riesgo y la falta de profesionalización de los trabajadores de las FB.&nbsp

Work In Progress: Comparison research between Spain and Portugal's touristic SME Family firms about open innovation attitudes.

Once the characteristics of Family Businesses have been studied and evidence found in the literature on the good suitability of open innovation for this type of company, we propose a study in which we will carry out qualitative research on this type of company. This study will be carried out in family businesses in the tourism sector where we will find out the opinion of these companies, through their managers, on the characteristics that are usually described in the literature on Family Businesses and on the application of open innovation. to make changes in companies. It will be carried out in a comparative way in Spain and Portugal in order to determine if there is also a social and cultural component in the opinions obtained from these companies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Efectos en el mercado de capitales Brasileño, tras procesos de M&A entre proveedores de infraestructura

Tras el proceso de M&A descrito en el párrafo anterior entre los proveedores de infraestructura, suscita el interrogante en torno a cuáles fueron los efectos que impactaron el Mercado de Capitales brasileño a partir del año 2001. Por consiguiente, el objeto del documento es analizar los efectos que tuvo el proceso de M&A entre los 7 proveedores de infraestructura en Brasil, en términos de liquidez, volatilidad, volumen transaccional y cantidad de negocios, al ser éstas variables representativas que dan un panorama generalizado del mercado. Para ello, se consideró necesario examinar en el marco internacional mercados que hayan experimentado procesos de integración que sirvan de referente para el mercado brasileño. Posteriormente, desarrollar un modelo econométrico que permita analizar los efectos en las variables liquidez, volatilidad, volumen transaccional y cantidad de negocios para el periodo antes y después de la M&A. Por último, analizar los resultados obtenidos en el modelo econométrico, para determinar el impacto de la integración en el mercado de capitales brasileño.M&A para Proveedores de Infraestructura en el Contexto Internacional. Marco teórico. Las Fusiones y Adquisiciones como Estrategia. Importancia del Mercado de Valores. Marco metodológico. Variables Estacionarias y No Estacionarias. Pruebas de Estacionariedad. Prueba de Cambio Estructural. Criterios para la selección de Modelos Estadísticos. Modelos Econométricos Univariados. Modelo Autorregresivo (AR). Modelo de Medias Móviles (MA). Marco empirico. Mercado Brasileño. Sistema Financiero Brasileño. Modelo Econométrico. Variables. Construcción del modelo. Análisis de variables y series. Análisis de Resultados. Acercamiento al caso colombiano.Magíster en Finanzas CorporativasMaestrí

Empresas familiares de hostelería ante la crisis económica.

Con este trabajo se pretende comprobar si las afirmaciones realizadas en la literatura sobre las características de la aversión al riesgo, la visión de largo plazo o la profesionalización de los trabajadores de las empresas familiares (EFs) suponen un perfil adecuado para que este tipo de empresas desarrollen la innovación de la mano de un agente externo. Dada la importancia hoy día del sector turístico, y el efecto que ha tenido en él la última crisis del COVID-19, se ha centrado el estudio en las empresas familiares de hostelería. Desde la perspectiva de las EFs, el resultado de la investigación les ayudará a diagnosticar variables del entorno favorable y desfavorable y, en consecuencia, tendrán una herramienta para moderar, en parte, la incertidumbre de un proceso de innovación para este tipo de empresas. Por tanto, les servirá para innovar con más garantías y garantizar su supervivencia generación tras generación. Es importante profundizar en el estudio de por qué algunas empresas familiares logran innovar abiertamente mientras que otras fracasan y también se hace énfasis en realizar estudios de casos más amplios para profundizar en la explicación de la heterogeneidad de las empresas familiares basadas en atributos distintos a aquellos en los que nos enfocamos (gestión familiar, estructura de gobierno, generación).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Valorization of Municipal Biowaste into Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biopapers for Food Packaging Applications

American Chemical Society[EN] The present study reports on the production and characterization of a new biopackaging material made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) derived from municipal biowaste (MBW) and produced by the mixed bacterial culture technology. After purification and extraction, the MBW-derived PHBV was processed by electrospinning to yield defect-free ultrathin fibers, which were thermally post-treated. Annealing at 130 degrees C, well below the biopolymer's melting temperature (T-m), successfully yielded a continuous film resulting from coalescence of the electrospun fibrillar morphology, the so-called biopaper, exhibiting enhanced optical and color properties compared to traditional melt compounding routes. The crystallinity and crystalline morphology were comprehensively studied as a function of temperature by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and combined time-resolved synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) experiments, which clearly indicated that the molecular order within the copolyester was improved up to a maximum at 130 degrees C, and then it decreased at the biopolymer's T-m. It was hypothesized that by annealing at the temperature at which the thermally induced molecular order is maximized, the fibers generated sufficient mobility to align alongside, hence reducing surface energy and porosity. The data suggest that this material shows a good balance between enhanced mechanical and improved barrier properties to vapors and gases in comparison to traditional paper and other currently used petroleum-derived polymers, thus presenting significant potential to be part of innovative food biopackaging designs for the protection and preservation of foods in a circular bioeconomy scenario.The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICI) project RTI2018-097249-B-C21 and EU projects H2020 YPACK (reference number 773872) and H2020 USABLE (reference number 836884) are acknowledged for funding support. B.M.-R. and S.T.-G. would also like to thank MICI for the FPI fellowship (BES-2016-077972) and the Juan de la Cierva IncorporaciOn contract (IJCI-2016-29675), respectively. The ALBA Synchrotron, Spain, is also acknowledged for the funding received through the project proposal 2018022619. The authors also thank the "Unidad Asociada CSIC-UJI in Polymers Technology".Meléndez-Rodríguez, B.; Torres Giner, S.; Lorini, L.; Valentino, F.; Sammon, C.; Cabedo, L.; Lagaron, JM. (2020). Valorization of Municipal Biowaste into Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Biopapers for Food Packaging Applications. ACS Applied Bio Materials. 3(9):6110-6123. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00698S6110612339REHM, B. H. A. (2003). Polyester synthases: natural catalysts for plastics. Biochemical Journal, 376(1), 15-33. doi:10.1042/bj20031254Singh Saharan, B., Grewal, A., & Kumar, P. (2014). Biotechnological Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates: A Review on Trends and Latest Developments. Chinese Journal of Biology, 2014, 1-18. doi:10.1155/2014/802984Koller, M., Maršálek, L., de Sousa Dias, M. M., & Braunegg, G. (2017). Producing microbial polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters in a sustainable manner. 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Development and Characterization of Electrospun Biopapers of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Derived from Cheese Whey with Varying 3-Hydroxyvalerate Contents

[EN] In the present study, three different newly developed copolymers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyval-erate) (PHBV) with 20, 40, and 60 mol % contents in 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) were produced by the biotechnological process of mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) using cheese whey (CW), a by-product from the dairy industry, as feedstock. The CW-derived PHBV copolyesters were first purified and then processed by solution electrospinning, yielding fibers of approximately 2 mu m in cross-section in all cases. The resultant electrospun PHBV mats were, thereafter, post-processed by annealing at different temperatures, below their maximum of melting, selected according to their 3HV content in order to obtain continuous films based on coalesced fibers, so-called biopapers. The resultant PHBV films were characterized in terms of their morphology, crystallinity, and mechanical and barrier properties to assess their potential application in food packaging. The CW-derived PHBV biopapers showed high contact transparency but a slightly yellow color. The fibers of the 20 mol % 3HV copolymer were seen to contain mostly poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) crystals, the fibers of the 40 mol % 3HV copolymer a mixture of PHB and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHV) crystals and lowest crystallinity, and the fibers of the 60 mol % 3HV sample were mostly made of PHV crystals. To understand the interfiber coalesce process undergone by the materials during annealing, the crystalline morphology was also assessed by variable-temperature both combined small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering synchrotron and Fourier transform infrared experiments. From these experiments and, different from previously reported biopapers with lower 3HV contents, all samples were inferred to have a surface energy reduction mechanism for interfiber coalescence during annealing, which is thought to be activated by a temperature-induced decrease in molecular order. Due to their reduced crystallinity and molecular order, the CW-derived PHBV biopapers, especially the 40 mol % 3HV sample, were found to be more ductile and tougher. In terms of barrier properties, the three copolymers performed similarly to water and limonene, but to oxygen, the 40 mol % sample showed the highest relative permeability. Overall, the materials developed, which are compatible with the Circular Bioeconomy organic recycling strategy, can have an excellent potential as barrier interlayers or coatings of application interest in food packaging.This research work was funded by the H2020 EU project YPACK (reference number 773872) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICI) project RTI2018-097249-B-C21. B.M.-R. would like to acknowledge the MICI for her FPI fellowship (BES-2016-077972) and S.T.-G. for his MICI Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion contract (IJCI-2016-29675). The ALBA Synchrotron is also acknowledged for the funding received through the project "Time-resolved Combined Wide-and Small-angle X-ray Scattering Characterization as a Function of Temperature of Electrospun Polyhydroxyalkanoates Derived from Biowaste" (2018022619). The authors would also like to thank the Unidad Asociada IATA(CSIC)-UJI in "Plastics Technology".Meléndez-Rodríguez, B.; Reis, MAM.; Carvalheira, M.; Sammon, C.; Cabedo, L.; Torres-Giner, S.; Lagaron, JM. (2021). Development and Characterization of Electrospun Biopapers of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Derived from Cheese Whey with Varying 3-Hydroxyvalerate Contents. Biomacromolecules. 22(7):2935-2953. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00353S2935295322

Organocatalyzed closed-loop chemical recycling of thermo-compressed films of poly(ethylene furanoate)

[EN] Monomers obtained from renewable feedstocks have emerged as a sustainable alternative to petroleum derived polymers. One of the biomass derived polyesters that has recently been gaining attention as an alternative to petrochemical polyethylene terephtalate (PET) for food and beverage packaging applications is poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF). However, similar to PET, PEF is not biodegradable or compostable and its end-of-life options must be thus considered to avoid contributing to the accumulation of plastic waste. In this manuscript, PEF films were first produced using thermo-compression, an industrially relevant processing method, and their thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties were determined and compared to those of PET and other biopolyesters to ascertain their suitability for food packaging. Thereafter, the chemical glycolysis of PEF film waste was investigated using a sustainable and thermally stable acid-base organocatalyst. After succesfully deconstructing PEF into bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-furan-2,5-dicarboxylate (BHEF), the obtained BHEF diester was used to resynthesize PEF using the same catalyst to generate a new biopolyester with similar thermal properties to the virgin one in a closed-loop cycle.The authors thank for technical and human support provided by IZO-SGI SGIker of UPV/EHU and European funding (ERDF and ESF). Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICI) through projects MAT2017-83373-R and RTI 2018-097249-B-C21. S. T.-G. acknowledges MICI for the funding received during his previous Juan de la Cierva-Incorporacion contract (IJCI-2016-29675) and his current Ramon y Cajal contract (RYC2019-027784-I). A. M. I. acknowledges Prof. Cor Koning for the SSP reactor donated to POL group of Barcelona. Authors also thank India Glycols Ltd for kindly supplying bio-EG.Gabirondo, E.; Meléndez-Rodríguez, B.; Arnal, C.; Lagaron, JM.; Martínez De Ilarduya, A.; Sardon, H.; Torres-Giner, S. (2021). Organocatalyzed closed-loop chemical recycling of thermo-compressed films of poly(ethylene furanoate). Polymer Chemistry. 12(10):1571-1580. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0py01623cS15711580121

Innovative Technological Applications for Story-Telling in Reading and Conversation II, Group II at The Western Multidisciplinary Campus of The University of El Salvador During Semester I, 2020

To speak English with a proper level of pronunciation and confidence is crucial,especially for Reading and Conversation in English II, group 2 students at the Western Multidisciplinary Campus of the University of El Salvador, where students are not producing the language as expected. Students are not capable of producing the language in an effective way; this was observed by the research team that identified and described such a problematic situation. One of the variables that is influencing this problem is the old-fashioned teaching method to which students are being exposed to in the aforementioned subject

La calidad de atención del servicio y la fidelización de los estudiantes en una institución de educación universitaria

The problem of the research was to show whether there is a relationship between the variables. The objective was to establish the relationship between the quality of service and the loyalty of students in a university education institution. Applied research, descriptive-correlational design, the survey was used as the data collection technique and the structured questionnaire as an instrument, applying it to the sample of 235 students from the sixth to twelfth cycles. The reliability of the instruments was determined by using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, determining a good reliability in both questionnaires, at the same time the validity was checked and subjected to expert judgment obtaining positive results. Once the data was collected, they were transferred to version 25 SPSS and the Chi2 independence test was applied, which obtained as a result that there is a dependency between the variables of (402,712), concluding that there is a relationship between our variables. The organization is encouraged to do research like this by offices in order to determine specific areas for improvement.El problema de la investigación fue dar a conocer si existe relación entre las variables. El objetivo fue establecer la relación entre la calidad de atención del servicio y la fidelización de los estudiantes en una institución de educación universitaria. Investigación de tipo aplicada, de diseño descriptivo – correlacional, se utilizó como técnica de recolección de datos la encuesta, y como instrumento, el cuestionario estructurado, aplicando el mismo a la muestra de 235 estudiantes de los ciclos sexto al doceavo. Se determinó la confiabilidad de los instrumentos mediante el uso del coeficiente del alfa de cronbach, determinando una confiabilidad buena en ambos cuestionarios, a la vez se comprobó la validez sometiendo los instrumentos a juicio de expertos, obteniendo resultados positivos. Una vez se recolectados los datos, se trasladaron los mismos al SPSS versión 25 y se aplicó la prueba de independencia de Chi2 que obtuvo como resultado que existe una dependencia entre las variables de (402.712), concluyendo que existe relación entre nuestras variables. Se recomienda a la organización hacer investigaciones como esta por oficinas, para poder determinar puntos de mejora específicos

Rol docente, competencia pedagógica técnico productivo y relación con diversificación estratégica en cetpros ugel 06, ate 2017- 2018

The purpose of the research was to determine the teacher's role in the productive technical pedagogical competence and its relationship with the Strategic Diversification in the CETPROS of Ugel 06 of Ate 2017-2018, the research was carried out under a correlational descriptive design, of basic type by A quantitative approach. The population is made up of 280 students of productive technical education in the CETPROS of Ugel 06, with a probabilistic sample of 160 students of productive technical education in the CETPROS of Ugel 06, to whom a survey validated by the board of experts for each variable. Whose reliability value reached in Cronbach's Alpha, was .842 for the variable productive technical education and .861, for the strategic diversification variable, using SPSS 23 software, Spearman's Rho non-parametric test was used to examine the relationship between categorical variables. The results showed that Productive Technical Education is related to Strategic Diversification in CETPROS, with a positive correlation of p value = 0.001 being less than the statistical significance level 0.05, which led to the rejection of the null hypothesis and acceptance of the researcher's hypothesis, indicating that the general hypothesis and the specific hypotheses were statistically proven to have correlation.La investigación tuvo como objeto determinar el rol del docente en la competencia pedagógica técnico productivo y su relación con la Diversificación Estratégica en los CETPROS de la Unidad de Gestión Educativa Loca (UGEL) 06 de Ate 2017- 2018, la investigación se realizó bajo un diseño descriptivo correlacional, de tipo básico mediante un enfoque cuantitativo. La población está conformada por 280 estudiantes de educación técnica productiva en los CETPROS de la UGEL 06, con una muestra probabilística de 160 estudiantes de educación técnico productiva en los CETPROS de la UGEL 06, a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta validada por la junta de expertos para cada variable. Cuyo valor de confiabilidad alcanzado en Alfa de Cronbach, fue de .842 para la variable educación técnica productiva y .861, para la variable diversificación estratégica, mediante el software SPSS 23, se utilizó la prueba no paramétrica de Rho de Spearman para examinar la relación entre las variables categóricas. Los resultados mostraron que la Educación Técnica Productiva se relaciona con la Diversificación Estratégica en los CETPROS, con una correlación positiva de p valor = 0,001 siendo menor al grado de significancia estadístico 0,05, lo que conllevó al rechazo de la hipótesis nula y la aceptación de la hipótesis del investigador, indicando que la hipótesis general y las hipótesis especificas quedaron demostradas estadísticamente que tienen correlación